Abstract Dolichos bean is grown in environments with short and long crop growth seasons. Development and deployment of cultivars with flowering time (FT) that matches prevailing crop growth season help maximize their productivity in the environments to which they are targeted. Dependable knowledge on genetic basis of FT enables the use of the most appropriate selection strategy to breed cultivars with desired FT. We unraveled the genetic basis by detecting QTL controlling FT using SSR markers following selective genotyping strategy (SGS) in F2 mapping population (MP). We evaluated the effectiveness of SGS as compared to entire MP genotyping strategy (EGS) to detect QTL controlling FT. Our results suggest that alleles at two SSR markers (LPD 25 and LPD 190) are linked to QTL controlling FT in both SGS and EGS. Our results provide adequate evidence for comparable statistical power of SGS relative to EGS for detection of QTL controlling FT.

This mathematical model forms machine cells, optimises the costs of unassigned machines and components, and designs the shop floor cell layout to have minimal movement of materials. The complete similarity measure algorithm forms machine cells and part families in a refined form. Later, exceptional elements are eliminated in the optimisation model by using machine duplication and sub-contracting of parts. Then the shop floor layout is designed to have optimised material movements between and within cells. An evaluation of the cell formation algorithm' performance is done on the benchmark problems of various batch sizes to reveal the process's capability compared with other similar methods. The data of machining times are acquired and tabulated in a part incidence matrix, which is used as input for the algorithm. The results from the linear programming optimisation model are that costs are saved, machines are duplicated, parts are sub-contracted, and there are inter- and intra-cellular movements. Finally, the output of the inbound facility design is the floor layout, which has machine cell clusters within the optimised floor area.

Hierdie artikel bied 'n wiskundige model aan wat masjien selle skep, die onkostes van nie-toegewysde masjiene en komponente optimeer, en die aanlegvloer uitleg te ontwerp sodat daar minimale beweging van materiaal is. Die volledige eendersheidsmaatstaf algoritme skep masjien selle en onderdeelfamilies in 'n verfynde formaat. Daarna word uitsonderlike elemente van die optimeringsmodel verwyder deur die gebruik van duplikasie en sametrekking van onderdele. Daarna word die aanleg se vloeruitleg ontwerp om minimale beweging van materiaal tussen en binne-in die selle te hê. Die sel skeppingsalgoritme se vertoning word evalueer teen maatstafprobleme van verskeie lot groottes om die proses se vermoë te vergelyk met ander, soortgelyke metodes. Die data van masjineertye word verkry en getabuleer in n matriks wat gebruik word as inset vir die algoritme. Die resultate van die lineêre programmering optimeringsmodel is kostes wat gestoor word, masjiene wat gedupliseer word, onderdele wat saamgetrek word tesame met die inter- en intrasellulêre bewegings. Laastens word die aanleg se vloeruitleg bepaal wat masjien sel groeperings binne die geoptimeerde vloer area plaas.

ABSTRACT Natural polymers have been widely used in different fields specifically in pharmaceutical industry due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and less toxicity properties. Among these polymers, chitosan is a potentially pursued biomaterial. However, limited solubility of chitosan in water creates significant barrier in realizing its applications as a biomaterial. Modification of chitosan helps to overcome this barrier with improved solubility in water. In this study, N-succinyl chitosan was synthesized from the chemical reaction of chitosan and succinic anhydride via Schiff base mechanism by using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. N-succinyl chitosan is water soluble, biocompatible, biodegradable, and less toxic. The physico-chemical properties of NSC and prepared hydrogel were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The surface morphology was investigated through Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). All these results confirmed the successful synthesis of N-succinyl chitosan and its hydrogel. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the hydrogel were evaluated using rheometer and found that hydrogel has significant potential to be used in the biomedical field. In addition, the swelling properties of the hydrogel were also studied in buffer solutions of pH 1.2 and 7.4. These results endorsed its applications as a drug delivery carrier.